Three local agencies that govern about 8,000 private and public wells will hold public hearings this week on plans to sustain underground water relied on by rural residents, farmers and cities.

The Groundwater Sustainability Plans, mandated by state law, represent California’s first move to regulate and set fees for well water use — a historically unrestricted domain often compared to the “Wild West.”

The plans, endorsed by the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors in November, are up for approval by the Groundwater Sustainability Agencies governing basins underlying the Santa Rosa Plain and the Petaluma and Sonoma valleys.

The three agencies will conduct virtual meetings via Zoom, with Sonoma Valley leading off Monday, Petaluma Valley on Wednesday and Santa Rosa Plain on Thursday.

Each plan assesses the conditions in the basin, analyzes the basin’s sustainability over a 50-year period and identifies projects and actions needed to ensure the basin is sustainable by 2042 and can maintain that status to at least 2072.

Sustainability is defined as the absence of a significant drop in groundwater tables year-to-year.

There are about 5,800 wells in the 80,000-acre Santa Rosa basin, about 1,500 wells in the 44,000-acre Sonoma Valley basin and about 700 wells in the 46,000-acre Petaluma Valley basin.

The three basins, combined, cover about 15% of the county.

The Santa Rosa basin plan “reflects the unique characteristics of the groundwater basin, which includes the county’s largest city, agriculture, rural residents, tribes and important natural resources,” Tom Schwedhelm, a Santa Rosa City Council member and chair of the Santa Rosa sustainability agency, said in a news release.

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