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Steelhead & Salmon
A watershed’s ecological health is directly reflected by the condition of its fish populations. Migratory fish, including steelhead and salmon, are indicator species, meaning they are sensitive to environmental disturbance such as habitat alteration and pollution and, therefore, provide an early warning of ecosystem deterioration. Their populations are controlled by ecological conditions throughout the watershed, bay, and ocean. A large, diverse population indicates a healthy watershed system while low numbers are indicative of overall habitat degradation.
The Napa River and many other streams throughout Napa County historically supported large numbers of steelhead, chinook salmon, and coho salmon. Unfortunately, their populations have declined sharply in the past several decades. Coho salmon became extinct in the Napa River Watershed in the 1960s and steelhead are now protected under the Endangered Species Act. Protecting steelhead and salmon poses several challenges due to the unique characteristics of their life cycles. Although they grow to adulthood in the ocean, inland waters must provide the complex habitat and essential conditions for spawning and rearing. Many factors combine to create suitable habitat including clean water, adequate streamflow, abundant food, and a well-functioning riparian zone to thrive. If any of these requirements are absent or limited, their populations decline.
Recognizing the need to protect and restore Napa County’s remaining steelhead and salmon populations, many groups and individuals are actively involved in efforts to ensure their survival. These efforts include monitoring their abundance, improving the condition of existing fish habitat, expanding habitat through stream restoration and barrier removal, and educating the public about the values of steelhead and salmon and the importance of protecting these vanishing species. For more information or to volunteer, call the Napa County RCD at (707) 252-4188 or visit www.naparcd.org.
Source: Napa County Resource Conservation District
Photo: Todd Adams
